125 research outputs found

    Bestuurlijk vermogen. Co-evolutionair denken als overlevingsstrategie

    Get PDF
    Intro: Achterkamertjes zijn net zo belangrijk als voorkamertjes: we hebben meer van beide nodig. Aan de hand van beleidsontwikkelingen rond mobiliteit en energie heeft er sinds medio jaren negentig een sociaal leerproces plaatsgevonden waardoor de kloof tussen het publieke en private domein beter is overbrugd. Beleidsmakers hebben geleerd om beter samen te werken aan duurzame ontwikkeling. Een cruciale rol was er voor een speciaal soort informele netwerken, de adaptieve netwerken. Adaptieve netwerken zorgen voor de verbindingen die nodig zijn voor het vergroten van het bestuurlijk vermogen in deze maatschappelijke systemen. Ze zijn vertakt tot in kabinet en parlement. Een maatschappelijk systeem kan zich daardoor beter aanpassen aan veranderende omstandigheden zoals klimaatverandering. Adaptieve netwerken vergroten zowel het aantal verborgen interacties als het aantal transparante interacties; er is dus geen sprake van ‘achterkamertjespolitiek’. De kern is dat we voor elkaar herkenbaar moeten maken welke processtap een stap in de goede richting is, hoe vaag ook..

    Transitiemanagement een blijvertje

    Get PDF
    In 2001 kwam het vierde Nationaal Milieubeleidsplan (NMP4) uit, met daarin het vernieuwende en spraakmakende idee van transitiemanagement. Sibout Nooteboom heeft onderzocht waar dit idee vandaan kwam en wat ervan terecht is gekomen. Zijn conclusie: het heeft de kans op duurzame ontwikkeling vergroot, want er vindt een co-evolutionair proces plaats. Binnen de overheid moet een oplossing worden gevonden tussen strijdige rationaliteiten en de daarmee verbonden beleidsculturen. Rein Willems van de taskforce duurzame energie denkt dat de tijd rijp is om een sprong te maken

    Transport infrastructure SEA in The Netherlands between procedure, process and content

    Get PDF
    Experience with the EU Strategic Environmental Assessment directive is emerging. In the Netherlands it has been applied to large transport since 2005. In 2006, an evaluation of the organization of this process was done. Key lesson: infrastructure developers undertaking an environmental assessment should keep an eye on procedure, interactive process as well as content, since these three variables should co-evolve in interaction. One of these variables may change and the others may have to be adjusted. If the developer is caught off guard the overall process may become inefficient, and the transport problem may not be adequately addressed. This is a matter of general management, not just management of the SEA

    Intonation and the perceptual separation of simultaneous voices

    Get PDF
    Introduetion The present paper examines the role of speech pitch in the perceptual separation of simultaneous speech messages, when both messages are spoken by the same speaker and there are no differences in directional hearing. In a first experiment, employing resynthesized speech with completely monotonous pitch, it is shown that intelligibility of the target message can be manipulated by introducing an artificial constant difference in pitch between target speech and interlering speech. Within certain limits intelligibility increases with increasing difference in pitch. In a second experiment natura! speech is em· ployed for both target and interfering messages. The interfering speech is always spoken with normal intonation, whereas the target messages are either spoken with normal intonation or deliberately spoken in a monotone. For both intonation conditions the messages are either spoken within the same pitch range as the interlering speech (SAME PITCH), or within a considerably higher pitch range (DIFFERENT PITCH). For the messages spoken with normal intonation the SAME PITCH condition is considerably less intelligible than the DIFFERENT PITCH condition. For the monotonously spoken messages the results are less clear. Here the effect of a difference in pitch range is probably confounded with the effects of other properties of speech which result from a monotonous pronunciation. The main results of these experiments can be related to the phenomenon of "perceptual fusion", occurring whenever two simultaneous sounds have identical pitches, and to "perceptual tracking": whenever the pitches of target and interlering speech crosseach other, the listener runs the risk of inadvertently switching his attention from the target speech to the interfering speech

    Mens en machine praten nog langs elkaar heen

    Get PDF
    De laatste jaren beginnen apparaten 'mondig' te worden. Er zijn al diverse apparaten in de handel veelal in de speelgoedsfeer, maar ook auto's, die tegen hun gebrulkers spreken, bijvoorbeeld om opdrachten te geven of om te melden dat er iets mis is. Ook zijn er voor sommige talen al veel ingewikkelder systemen die volledig automatisch gewone spelling 'vertalen' in verstaanbare spraak, onder andere om gedrukte tekst hoorbaar te maken voor blinden. Dit zijn pas de eerste schuchtere toepassingen van mogelijkheden die het gevolg zijn van het bij elkaar komen van geavanceerd spraakonderzoek en moderne microelektronica. In onderstaand artikel wordt, vanuit het standpunt van de spraakonderzoeker, geschetst hoe tekst in spraak vertaald kan worden, welke toepassingen we daarvan mogen verwachten, en welke beperkingen er voorlopig nog wel zullen blijven

    Transitions through reflexive interventions in governance networks

    Get PDF
    Abstract Transitions toward a desirable future require changes at the level of social networks that ‘manage’ or ‘govern’ societal systems. Learning is a crucial component of transitions, because transitions require change while it is not known yet how to realize that change. Intervention is another crucial component of transition which is essential in order to realize change in networks which are full of established routines and vested interests. In this paper we explore how learning and intervention can be fruitfully combined in an approach which we call ‘reflexive interventions’. In that way, learning is not purely theoretical and intervention is not purely based on routine. We describe a practical method of ‘reflexive intervention’ in the early stages of change processes, and we do a preliminary assessment of its effectiveness. We conclude that they are probably a contribution to ‘knowledge-democracy’

    Environmental assessment as an institution of liberal democracy

    Get PDF
    On 3 May 2019, the UN secretary general António Guterres, tweeted: “No democracy is complete without access to transparent and reliable information. On #WorldPressFreedomDay, we must all defend the rights of journalists, whose efforts help us build a better world for all.” How can we see to it that Guterres someday soon also will promote environmental assessment - on #FreePlanningDay?

    Adaptive Networks: the Governance for Sustainable Development

    Get PDF
    In this book, I reconstruct how policy makers, working together in what I term adaptive networks, have enabled a breakthrough in thinking about sustainable mobility in certain policy circles. I define the conduct of leading actors in these adaptive networks as sustainable change management. Sustainable development is conceptualized as a complex problem. No single person or organization can ‘manage’ sustainable change autonomously. It is a joint concern and therefore a matter of effective governance – a joint effort of several domains. Adaptive networks are self-organizing groups of policy makers who enable joint factfinding and visualizing a direction towards improvements, in this case sustainable transport. These policy makers combine two capabilities. First they are influential in, and have knowledge about, different power networks. Secondly they try to break away from the existing policies in those power networks and develop a joint understanding about new, more effective policies. They try to align the evolution of this process of rethinking with the behavior in their power networks. In this perspective, breakthroughs stem from the co-evolution of partly conflicting ideas and interests. Change managers in adaptive networks act on their personal initiative. Power networks are not able to reward their initiatives, unless the new ideas they create have been accepted to a considerable degree

    Institutions for Climate Change : A Method to assess the Inherent Characteristics of Institutions to enable the Adaptive Capacity of Society

    Get PDF
    This paper addresses the question: How can the inherent characteristics of institutions to stimulate the adaptive capacity of society to climate change from local through to national level be assessed? On the basis of a literature review and several brainstorm sessions, this paper presents six criteria: Variety, learning capacity, space for planned and innovative autonomous action, leadership, availability of resources and fair governance
    corecore